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Toute activité humaine génère, dans l’air ambiant, des polluants en plus ou moins grandes quantités et ceux-ci varient selon la source d’émission. Les sources de pollution sont nombreuses : extérieures : trafic routier, activité industrielle, combustion du bois et des déchets verts mais aussi pesticides, pollens …, ou intérieures : fumée de tabac, produits de bricolage. Les nuisances olfactives, considérées comme une pollution au sens de la gêne occasionnée.
La qualité de l’air dépend de la quantité de polluants émis et des conditions météorologiques qui les dispersent. De plus, les gaz à effet de serre émis par de nombreuses activités humaines influent sur le climat. Malgré des améliorations notables ces dernières années, les habitants de la Métropole Aix-Marseille-Provence subissent encore des dépassements de normes pour certains polluants atmosphériques.
Elle met également en place des actions concrètes en matière de mobilité : amélioration de l’offre de transports en commun et développement des transports doux, mise en place d’une zone à faibles émissions mobilité dans le centre de Marseille.
Par ailleurs, la loi d’orientation des mobilités n°2019-1428 (LOM) impose à la Métropole, un « plan d’actions qualité de l’air » (PAQA) spécifique intégré au plan d’actions général du PCAET, ce qui a été fait en 2021.
AtmoSud est une structure associative agréée par le ministère en charge de l’environnement pour la surveillance de la qualité de l’air de la région Sud (AASQA). Cet observatoire améliore continuellement ses connaissances sur les polluants atmosphériques et sur la qualité de l’air. Elle identifie les populations exposées à un dépassement de normes limites pour la santé. Elle met ainsi en évidence les zones où il faut agir.
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